To generate your bibliography in the JJBM LaTeX template, you must use a separate .bib file (e.g., references.bib) containing all your reference data.

In your main .tex file, place the following two commands precisely where you want the reference list to appear (usually at the very end of the document, before any appendices):

\bibliographystyle{vancouver}
\bibliography{references} % 'references' is the name of your .bib file without the extension

In the text, cite your references using the standard \cite{citation_key} command. For example: \cite{murray2002} or \cite{kermack1927, murray2002}.

Every BibTeX entry follows a standard format starting with an @ symbol, the entry type, a unique citation key, and a list of data fields enclosed in curly braces {}.

@entry_type{citation_key,
field_name_1 = {Data for field 1},
field_name_2 = {Data for field 2},
...
field_name_n = {Data for field n}
}

• citation_key: A unique identifier you create to cite the source in your .tex document (e.g., smith2023model). No spaces are allowed.

• Fields: Standard fields include author, title, journal, year, volume, number, pages, publisher, and doi.

Please use the following templates for the most common types of references in biomathematics literature:

A. Journal Article (@article)

Note: Please use standard abbreviations for journal titles.

@article{kermack1927,
author  = {Kermack, William Ogilvy and McKendrick, Anderson G},
title   = {A contribution to the mathematical theory of epidemics},
journal = {Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A},
year    = {1927},
volume  = {115},
number  = {772},
pages   = {700--721},
doi     = {10.1098/rspa.1927.0118}
}

B. Book (@book)

@book{murray2002,
author    = {Murray, James D.},
title     = {Mathematical Biology: I. An Introduction},
edition   = {3rd},
publisher = {Springer},
address   = {New York},
year      = {2002}
}

C. Chapter in an Edited Book (@incollection or @inbook)

@incollection{meltzer2002,
author    = {Meltzer, P. S. and Kallioniemi, A. and Trent, J. M.},
title     = {Chromosome alterations in human solid tumors},
booktitle = {The Genetic Basis of Human Cancer},
editor    = {Vogelstein, B. and Kinzler, K. W.},
publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
address   = {New York},
year      = {2002},
pages     = {93--113}
}

D. Conference Proceedings (@inproceedings)

@inproceedings{kimura1996,
author    = {Kimura, J. and Shibasaki, H.},
title     = {Recent advances in clinical neurophysiology},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of EMG and Clinical Neurophysiology},
year      = {1996},
address   = {Kyoto, Japan},
publisher = {Elsevier}
}

E. Website or Online Software (@misc or @online)

@misc{who2020covid,
author       = {{World Health Organization}},
title        = {Coronavirus disease ({COVID}-19) pandemic},
year         = {2020},
howpublished = {\url{[https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019](https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019)}},
note         = {Accessed: 2023-11-15}
}

To ensure your references compile correctly in the Vancouver style, please observe the following rules:

Formatting Author Names

• Multiple Authors: Separate multiple authors using the word and. Do not use commas or ampersands (&) to separate different authors.

  • Correct: author = {Smith, John and Doe, Jane and Lee, Alan}

  • Incorrect: author = {Smith, John, Doe, Jane, Lee, Alan}

• Corporate Authors: If the author is an organization (e.g., World Health Organization), enclose the entire name in double curly braces to prevent BibTeX from treating it as a First/Last name.

  • Correct: author = {{World Health Organization}}

Preserving Capitalization in Titles

BibTeX automatically converts titles to lowercase (sentence case) depending on the bibliography style. If your title contains acronyms, proper nouns, biological species names, or mathematical notation that must remain capitalized, enclose those specific letters or words in curly braces {}.

• Example without braces (compiles as "A mathematical sir model..."): title = {A Mathematical SIR Model for Malaria}

• Example with braces (compiles properly as "A mathematical SIR model..."): title = {A Mathematical {SIR} Model for Malaria}

Formatting Math Modes

If your title contains mathematical equations or variables, ensure they are enclosed in $ signs and wrapped in curly braces to protect them during compilation.

• Example: title = {Global stability of an {$S E I R$} model with {$R_0 < 1$}

We highly recommend using a reference manager to automatically generate your .bib file and prevent syntax errors (like missing commas or unclosed braces). Popular tools that export seamlessly to BibTeX include:

• Mendeley: Export your selected folder directly as a BibTeX file.

• Zotero: Use the "Better BibTeX" plugin for highly customized .bib exports.

• JabRef: A native BibTeX editor tailored specifically for managing LaTeX reference libraries.

Before final submission to OJS, please open your exported .bib file in a plain text editor to verify that author names, mathematical symbols, and capitalizations have exported correctly according to the rules above.