• AI Cannot Be an Author: Generative AI tools and Large Language Models (LLMs) do not meet the criteria for authorship. They cannot take public responsibility for the integrity of the work, they cannot be held accountable for the data, and they cannot manage conflicts of interest or copyright agreements.

• Prohibition on Byline Inclusion: Under no circumstances should any AI tool or system be listed as an author or co-author on a manuscript submitted to JJBM.

• Language and Readability: Authors are permitted to use AI tools primarily to improve the readability, language, grammar, and syntax of their manuscript. This is particularly encouraged if it helps overcome language barriers and allows the authors' science to be communicated more clearly.

• Human Oversight is Mandatory: If an AI tool is used to assist in the writing process, the authors must meticulously review and edit the generated text.

• Full Accountability: The human authors are held fully responsible and accountable for the entire content of the published work. This includes the accuracy of mathematical models, the validity of biological interpretations, the absence of plagiarism, and the accuracy of all references. AI tools are prone to "hallucinations" (generating false facts or fake citations), and it is the authors' duty to verify all AI-generated content.

• Generating Core Scientific Content: AI tools must not be used to formulate novel mathematical proofs, generate original biological hypotheses, or interpret complex data outputs. The core scientific contribution must be strictly human-generated.

• Generating Scientific Figures and Artwork: The use of generative AI to create or alter scientific images, mathematical plots, graphs, diagrams, or graphical abstracts is strictly prohibited. This is due to concerns regarding data integrity, copyright infringement, and the potential for fabricated results.

• Exception: AI tools may be used to generate data or images only if the AI tool itself is a formal part of the research methodology (e.g., a paper evaluating a new machine learning algorithm for epidemiological forecasting). In such cases, the methodology must clearly describe how the AI was used, trained, and validated.

Authors who use AI or AI-assisted technologies in the writing process must transparently declare this upon submission.

• Where to Declare: A statement must be added in a separate section titled "Declaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process", placed immediately before the References section.

• What to Declare: The statement must specify the name of the tool, the version used, and the precise purpose of its use.

• Example Statement: "During the preparation of this work the author(s) used [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] in order to [REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication."

• Note: Basic grammar checking tools (e.g., Grammarly, standard spell-checkers, or LaTeX formatting tools) do not need to be declared.

• Strict Prohibition on Uploading Manuscripts: Peer reviewers are strictly prohibited from uploading any part of a submitted manuscript (including text, mathematical models, equations, or data) into a public or proprietary generative AI tool (such as ChatGPT).

• Confidentiality Breach: Uploading unpublished manuscripts to AI systems constitutes a severe breach of confidentiality and intellectual property rights, as these systems may use the input data to train their models.

• Reviewer Accountability: Reviewers are expected to write their review reports independently. Relying on AI to generate review comments is strongly discouraged, as it may produce generic, inaccurate, or biased evaluations that fail to deeply engage with the specific biomathematical context of the paper.

• Editors must not upload submitted manuscripts to AI platforms for evaluation, summarization, or decision-making. The editorial decision must rely on the expert human judgment of the Editorial Board and the peer reviewers.