This guide provides detailed instructions on how to properly format in-text citations and the reference list for all manuscripts submitted to JJBM.

• Style: Vancouver (Numbered style).

• Numbering: References must be numbered consecutively in the exact order they are first mentioned in the text.

• Language: All references must be written in English. If the original source is in another language, provide the translated title in English and indicate the original language in parentheses at the end of the citation (e.g., (in Indonesian)).

• Identify references in the text, tables, and figure legends using Arabic numerals enclosed in square brackets: [1], [1, 2], [1-3].

• Place the citation number immediately after the relevant text or author name, and before any punctuation marks (such as periods or commas) where possible.

Examples of In-Text Citations:

• Single citation: "The standard SIR model was first introduced by Kermack and McKendrick [1]."

• Multiple non-consecutive citations: "Recent advancements in modeling tumor growth [2, 5, 8] have demonstrated that..."

• Multiple consecutive citations: "Several recent studies [3-6] have mathematically confirmed the stability of the endemic equilibrium."

• Direct author reference: "As demonstrated by Smith et al. [7], the reproductive number is highly sensitive to..."

• The reference list must be placed at the end of the manuscript, immediately preceding any appendices.

• Only cite literature that has been formally published, accepted for publication, or is available on a recognized preprint server (like arXiv or bioRxiv).

• Author Names: Use the author's surname followed by their initials without punctuation or spaces between initials (e.g., Smith J, Doe AB).

• Number of Authors: List all authors if there are six or fewer. If there are more than six authors, list the first six followed by "et al."

• Journal Titles: Abbreviate journal titles according to standard ISO rules or the NLM Catalog (Index Medicus). Do not use periods in the abbreviations.

A. Journal Article (Standard)

Format: Author(s). Article title. Journal Title Abbreviation. Year;Volume(Issue):Page numbers.

[1] Kermack WO, McKendrick AG. A contribution to the mathematical theory of epidemics. Proc R Soc Lond A. 1927;115(772):700-721.

B. Journal Article (More than 6 authors)

[2] Rose ME, Huerbin MB, Melick J, Marion DW, Palmer AM, Schiding JK, et al. Regulation of interstitial excitatory amino acid concentrations after cortical contusion injury. Brain Res. 2002;935(1-2):40-46.

C. Book

Format: Author(s). Book Title. Edition (if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher; Year.

[3] Murray JD. Mathematical Biology: I. An Introduction. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2002.

D. Chapter in an Edited Book

Format: Author(s) of the chapter. Title of the chapter. In: Editor(s), editors. Book Title. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year. p. Page numbers of the chapter.

[4] Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM. Chromosome alterations in human solid tumors. In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, editors. The Genetic Basis of Human Cancer. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002. p. 93-113.

E. Conference Proceedings

Format: Author(s). Title of paper. In: Editor(s), editors. Title of Proceedings. Title of Conference; Date of conference; Place of conference. Place of publication: Publisher; Year. p. Page numbers.

[5] Kimura J, Shibasaki H, editors. Recent advances in clinical neurophysiology. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of EMG and Clinical Neurophysiology; 1995 Oct 15-19; Kyoto, Japan. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1996.

F. Website / Online Document

Format: Author/Organization. Title of the page/document [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication [cited Year Month Day]. Available from: URL.

[6] World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2020 [cited 2023 Nov 15]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019.

Because JJBM mandates manuscript submissions in LaTeX, we strongly advise authors to manage their references using BibTeX to ensure strict adherence to the Vancouver style.

• Style Declaration: Use the Vancouver bibliography style by including \bibliographystyle{vancouver} in your .tex document.

• Database (.bib file): Ensure your .bib file contains complete, accurate, and properly formatted metadata for each entry type (e.g., @article, @book, @inproceedings).

• In-text Command: Cite references in the text using the standard \cite{} command.

Authors must adhere to the highest standards of ethical citation practices:

• Originality: Authors should read and cite the original, primary sources rather than relying heavily on secondary review articles.

• Relevance: Only cite references that are directly relevant to the manuscript and explicitly support the research, methodology, or discussion.

• Self-Citation: While self-citation is sometimes necessary to build upon an author's previous mathematical models or frameworks, it must be kept to a reasonable minimum and be highly relevant to the current study. Unnecessary self-citation to inflate citation metrics is strictly prohibited.

• Coercive Citation: JJBM explicitly forbids "coercive citation" practices, where an editor or reviewer pressures an author to add citations to their own work or to the journal itself as a condition of acceptance.